Data are transferred from sensor nodes to the sink through a multi-hop communication paradigm. 1 and consisting of one sink node (or base station) and a (large) number of sensor nodes deployed over a large geographic area ( sensing field). In this paper we will refer mainly to the sensor network model depicted in Fig. Therefore, energy conservation is a key issue in the design of systems based on wireless sensor networks. In any case, energy is a very critical resource and must be used very sparingly. However, external power supply sources often exhibit a non-continuous behavior so that an energy buffer (a battery) is needed as well. In some cases it is possible to scavenge energy from the external environment (e.g., by using solar cells as power source).
TIME SINK ENERGY MAC HOW TO
Therefore, the crucial question is: “ how to prolong the network lifetime to such a long time?” In many cases a lifetime in the order of several months, or even years, may be required. On the other hand, the sensor network should have a lifetime long enough to fulfill the application requirements. In addition, it could be impossible or inconvenient to recharge the battery, because nodes may be deployed in a hostile or unpractical environment. This power source often consists of a battery with a limited energy budget. In addition, a power source supplies the energy needed by the device to perform the programmed task. Typically, a sensor node is a tiny device that includes three basic components: a sensing subsystem for data acquisition from the physical surrounding environment, a processing subsystem for local data processing and storage, and a wireless communication subsystem for data transmission. A wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes deployed over a geographical area for monitoring physical phenomena like temperature, humidity, vibrations, seismic events, and so on.
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